Definition and Causes of Social Inequality

Definition and Causes of Social Inequality
Social inequality is something that is a job for governments that need more attention. Social inequality that occurs in society is very striking and increasingly alarming that needs to be discussed and searched for the causes of social inequality. Social gaps that arise in society need a courage in disclosure.
Education is the most highlighted thing, because it is through education that change begins. The creation of young people who have the ability of science with knowledge that can carry out development in all fields is a common reason why education becomes so important.
The irony that actually happens with education in our country that is so broad is that education is not evenly distributed throughout the archipelago. In this era of intense development, disparities are still being felt by regions in the World that are far from the reach of the central government. For more details about social inequality in full let us see the review below below.

social inequality What is meant by social inequality?
Social inequality is defined as inequality or inequality of access to obtain or utilize available resources. Resources can be in the form of primary needs, such as education, health, housing, business and work opportunities, can be in the form of secondary needs, such as means of business development, means of struggle for human rights, facilities for political channels, fulfillment of career development, and others.

Understanding Social Gaps According to Experts
According to the Badruzaman Century (2009: 284) social inequality is a social imbalance in society that makes a very striking difference. Or it can also be interpreted a situation where the rich have a higher position and more powerful than the poor.
According to Soerjono Soekanto, social inequality is a mismatch between elements of culture or society, which endangers the lives of social groups.
As a functional structural theorist, Emile Durkheim tends to see social inequality as a differentiation of functions in an inevitable social structure.
Max Weber, theorist of social action will assess social inequality as a result of differences in the interests of each individual expressed in the system of behavior and action.

Factors Causing Social Inequality
1. Differences in Natural Resources
Natural resources are closely related to the economic level of a region. If it can utilize natural resources properly, the economic rate of a region will increase, and vice versa, the economic level of a region is low if the community cannot utilize natural resources to the full.

2. Government Policy
Sometimes government policies can cause social inequality. for example policies on transmigration programs. When migrants move forward faster than native residents, social inequality can occur. The imbalance occurs because there is inequality between the two groups that should be able to develop together.

3. Effects of Globalization
People who are able to respond to globalization appropriately will be able to utilize globalization to achieve progress. Meanwhile, people who are not able to properly utilize globalization will not be able to take the opportunities offered by globalization. even left behind.

4. Demographic Factors
Demographic conditions indicate the level of growth and population structure, level of education, level of health, differences in employment conditions, and all matters relating to the population. Differences in the demographic conditions of an area can cause social inequality due to differences in community work productivity in each region.

Solution of Social Inequality in the World

Solution of Social Inequality in the World
World is a big country and one of the countries that has many islands and is located far apart. Social inequality is very likely to occur in the World because many remote areas are isolated from the crowd. And the World is a country whose level of corruption is very high, in the world the World is included in the top 5 most corrupt countries. Actually the World is able to become a developed country and a country that is able to improve the welfare of its people.
Because World has very rich and abundant natural resources, but why is there still a very striking social gap. This is a big question that needs an answer and a bright spot. In this case it is the task of the current government, how to improve the welfare of society and minimize social inequality. Many things can be done by the government to improve the welfare of the community and solving social inequalities that occur in society.

Efforts must be made by the government to solve the problem of social inequality that occurs in the World:
Minimizing (KKN) and eradicating corruption in an effort to improve people's welfare. The government has formed an institution tasked with eradicating (KKN) in the World. World has begun to improve itself but in some cases the KPK corruption case is still considered to be selective in cracking down on corruption. For example, the case of Century Bank has not found a bright spot and seems to end the case. The government must always improve itself because by minimizing (KKN) what happens is able to improve the welfare of the community with existing funds.
Improve the justice system in the World and conduct strict supervision of the legal mafia.
In terms of education must take precedence.
Opening jobs so there is no unemployment.
Eradicate corruption so that no more corruption.

Improve a justice system in the World and conduct close supervision of the judicial mafia. so that those who have power are not arbitrary with the people.
There are still many mafia legal rampants in the World that increasingly make social inequality in the World more prominent. The current justice is very difficult to enforce how not! A corrupt person is detained but all facilities are sufficient in the detention room. Meanwhile, what about the fate of a small community that only steals chickens, for example, they do whatever they want, sometimes they torture with inhumanity. This really shows the social gap in the world that is very striking between the rich or those who have power between the poor or the poor.
Multicultural Communities: Definition, Characteristics, Characteristics, Causes, and Examples - The term Multiculturalism has recently begun to be discussed in various circles regarding the outbreak of ethnic conflict in the country. Multiculturalism owned by Indonesia is considered a major factor in the occurrence of conflict.

Solution to the Gap between Urban and Rural

Solution to the Gap between Urban and Rural
Then, is there a solution to the gap between urban & rural? Is that? Of course there is. And that is by increasing the standard of living in the countryside. How is the solution? As described above, it is understandable why inequality is so striking between villages and cities. The backwardness in the aspects of education, economy, and access to health facilities is not solely caused by the socio-cultural factors of the people who strongly hold the principle
and kinship culture and traditions / customs, but if examined further, it is also caused by socio-political and regional geographical factors that are not favorable for rural areas. This condition is certainly a challenge for the village community, also for the government.
Internally rural communities must begin to be open to the outside world, the community must not be allergic to change. Preserving the culture that is owned is certainly very important in order to maintain local wisdom, but the village community must have a clear and measurable mission and vision so that they can take the initiative to change their destiny. Without a change in mind set that has indeed been deeply rooted in the village community, surely they will be difficult to get out of the shackles of backwardness because one of them is the lack of competition between them. Communities that live together with livelihoods that are not much different usually do not have high motivation to compete with each other. Even if there are income inequality among villagers, it is generally not too extreme.

In addition, the Government must also make policies that are outside the community itself. The design of government policies must focus on the following:
Government policy must emphasize the improvement / improvement of village infrastructure, especially in villages where geographical conditions are not favorable.
Access to education, information and free health care must be a priority for the government so that development acceleration can be realized effectively.
The government needs to provide capital assistance for rural communities so that they can have alternative livelihoods, not just rely on the agricultural sector. Capital assistance is certainly very helpful for the community because they can use it to set up a business. These alternative livelihoods can ultimately increase the economic income of the community, especially in rural communities where the land is arid and not promising.

Regarding the political will of the government, segregation or exclusion of rural communities in terms of ethnicity, ethnicity, religion, gender and the like must be abolished.
Some of the above solutions can certainly be an input for the government in making policies, especially related to improving village life standards to be better. Thus, villages that have been synonymous with underdevelopment can gradually accelerate to become more developed villages.
Conflicts related to SARA, namely ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup relations that occur in Aceh, Ambon, Papua, Kupang, Maluku and various other regions, are realities that can threaten national integration on the one hand and require concrete solutions for resolution on the other. Until the concept of multiculturalism emerged.
Multiculturalism is used as the main reference for the formation of a peaceful multicultural society.

Impact of Social Inequality

Impact of Social Inequality
Jobs
Employment has a very large influence on the community's economy, while the economy is a factor in the occurrence of social inequality. The narrowness of employment in the World makes huge unemployment in the World and is a job for the current government.

Impact of social inequality
Positive impact
Relieve stress triggers
Relax both mind and body
Speed up the process of human activity
Causing a more equitable division of labor
Negative impact
Cultivating laziness
Dissatisfaction with something
Easily despair which impedes work mobility
The emergence of social jealousy
There are many criminal acts
Example of social inequality
Here are some examples of social inequalities in everyday life:
Corruptors who eat up to billions of rupiah in public money are only detained for 3 years while people who are thieves can be detained for up to a dozen years.
Lack of adequate transportation facilities for people with disabilities.
People who are dressed in expensive and good clothes are treated very well by different servants than ordinary people.

Example of the gap between rural-urban communities
This is caused by various factors, among them are the level of purchasing power of rural communities is lower, uneven education, services are not the same between villages and cities for example Health. Due to the limited transportation, facilities and infrastructure of the Village is lower than the city, and the lack of jobs in the World makes the village intellectuals choose to live and live in the village because of its convenience, even so many people from the area went to Jakarta without any education provision , more and more the city of Jakarta, for example, is becoming increasingly congested.
The gap is also seen from the difference in income per capita in urban and rural areas. Structure of sectoral economic activities that form the basis of household or community production activities, particularly in economic sectors that are export bases with a domestic (domestic) market orientation
Increasing population so it is not balanced with the supply of agricultural land.

The urgency of handicrafts in the village by modern industrial products.
In the village there are not many opportunities to increase knowledge.
Harvest failures caused by various things, such as long drought floods etc., forced the villagers to look for other livelihoods in the city. Most villagers think that in the city there is a lot of work and it is easier to get income
In the city more opportunities to develop a home craft business into the craft industry
Education, especially advanced education, is more in the city and easier to obtain
The city is considered to have a higher level of culture and is a place of association with all kinds of human culture
Cities provide an opportunity to avoid strict social control or to lift themselves from low social positions

Social Inequality As a Social Problem

Social Inequality As a Social Problem
Employment
Employment has a very large influence on the community's economy, while the economy is a factor in the occurrence of social inequality. The narrowness of employment in the World makes huge unemployment in the World and is a job for the current government.
Social inequality is a state of social imbalance in society that makes a very striking difference. In terms of social inequality it is very striking from various aspects, for example in the aspect of justice can occur. Between the rich and the poor are very distinguished in any aspect, the villagers who migrate in the city are also affected by this, it is true to say that "The rich get richer, the poor get poorer". This ignorance of others is due to the gap that is too striking between the "rich" and the "poor". Many rich people look down on the lower classes, especially if he is poor and also dirty, let alone helping, just watching even they are reluctant.
Social inequalities occur due to several things, namely:
a. Poverty
According to Lewis (1983), a culture of poverty can manifest in various ways
historical context, but more inclined to grow and develop within
a society that has a set of conditions:
The economic system of money, wage labor and the production system for profits remains a high level of unemployment and underemployment for unskilled labor

Low labor costs
The failure of low-income groups to increase social, economic and political organizations voluntarily and on government initiatives
The bilateral family system is more prominent than the unilateral system, and
The strength of a set of values in the ruling class that emphasizes the accumulation of wealth and the possibility of vertical mobility, and the attitude of frugality, as well as the assumption that the low economic status as a result of personal inability or indeed basically low position.
Culture of poverty is not only an adaptation to a set of objective conditions of the wider community, once the culture has grown, it tends to perpetuate itself from generation to generation through its influence on children. Culture of poverty tends to develop when economic and social systems are broken down or replaced, Culture of poverty is also a result of colonialism ie indigenous economic and social structures are broken down, while the status of indigenous groups is maintained low, it can also grow in the process of tribal abolition. The culture of poverty tends to be owned by the community as well as lower social, isolated communities, and victims who come from landless agricultural laborers.
According to Parker Seymour and Robert J. Kleiner (1983) the formulation of a culture of poverty includes the understanding that everyone involved in the situation has low aspirations as a form of realistic adaptation.

Some characteristics of poverty culture are:
Fatalism,
Low level of aspiration,
Low willingness to chase the target,
Not seeing personal progress,
Feelings of helplessness / incompetence,
Feelings to always fail,
The feeling of judging one's self negatively,
Choices as a manual worker position, and
Pathetic compromise level.

Unequal Development Between Regions

Unequal Development Between Regions
Low social mobility.
Geographical Location and Conditions
The geographical location and condition of the World affect the level of development of a community. People who live in the lowlands generally find it easier to build various infrastructures, while people who live in the highlands require a long time and process of development because of constrained natural conditions that are uphill and uneven. Declining income per capita.

Pollution of the Natural Environment.
Poverty
According to Lewis (1983), a culture of poverty can manifest in a variety of historical contexts, but is more likely to grow and develop in a society that has a set of conditions:
(1) Money economic system, wage labor and production system for profit
(2) the high unemployment and underemployment rates for unskilled workers
(3) low labor costs

(4) the failure of low-income groups to increase their social, economic and political organizations voluntarily or on government initiatives
(5) the bilateral family system is more prominent than the unilateral system, and
(6) the strength of a set of values in the ruling class that emphasizes the accumulation of wealth and the possibility of vertical mobility, and economical attitude, as well as the assumption that the low economic status as a result of personal inability or basically already low position.
Culture of poverty is not only an adaptation to a set of objective conditions of the wider community, once the culture has grown, it tends to perpetuate itself from generation to generation through its influence on children. Culture of poverty tends to develop when economic and social systems are broken down or replaced, Culture of poverty is also a result of colonialism ie indigenous economic and social structures are broken down, while the status of indigenous groups is maintained low, it can also grow in the process of tribal abolition. The culture of poverty tends to be owned by the community as well as lower social, isolated communities, and victims who come from landless agricultural laborers.
According to Parker Seymour and Robert J. Kleiner (1983) the formulation of a culture of poverty includes the understanding that everyone involved in the situation has low aspirations as a form of realistic adaptation.

Some characteristics of poverty culture are:
(1) fatalism,
(2) low levels of aspiration,
(3) low willingness to pursue goals,
(4) not seeing personal progress,
(5) feelings of helplessness / inadequacy,
(6) Feelings to always fail,
(7) Feelings of self-evaluation are negative,
(8) Choice of position as a manual worker, and
(9) Pathetic level of compromise.

Relating to culture as a function of adaptation, it is an undertaking
to change these unwanted values in a direction that is in line with the values of the middle class, by using psychiatric methods of social-educational welfare without first (or simultaneously) trying to significantly change the reality of reality. social structures (income, employment, housing, and cultural patterns limit the scope of social participation and distribution of social power) will tend to fail. Culture of poverty does not originate from ignorance, but rather functions for adjustment.

Structural poverty according to Selo Sumarjan (1980) is poverty that is suffered by a group of people because the social structure of the community cannot participate in using the income sources that are actually available to them. Structural poverty is an atmosphere of poverty experienced by a community whose main cause is derived from the social structure, and therefore can be sought at the social structure that applies in the community itself.

Database and Population Administration

Database and Population Administration
One of the population programs that can control the population and directly target the first marriage to women is the Marriage Age Maturing Program (PUP).
This PUP program is an effort to increase the age of first marriage, so as to reach the minimum age at the age of marriage at the age of 20 years for women and 25 years for men.
This program can be implemented well if all parties concerned support. One of the obstacles in implementing the PUP program in the field is that the 1974 Marriage Law has not been revised which allows marriages at the age of 16 for women and 18 years for men.

men's participation in family planning
Solutions that can be done to overcome the problem of lack of men's participation in family planning include:
The need to increase IEC (communication, information and education) about men's participation in family planning for couples of childbearing age so that they can understand that it is not only women who have family planning but men are also important for family planning.
The need to increase IEC through the men's family planning group or contraception about male contraceptives, namely condoms, to increase men's knowledge about condom contraception.
Need to increase IEC to brides and grooms about male participation in family planning.
The need for assistance in the cost of family planning services and family planning safaris in addition to vasectomy contraception or MOP
The need to increase the provision of free condoms for couples of childbearing age.
The need for the provision of new contraceptive methods for men in addition to condoms and vasectomy.
The need to increase IEC regarding men's participation in family planning through electronic media such as television, radio and mass media such as magazines and newspapers.

Database and population administration
The solution to the problem of population database and administration, among others, by using the Population Administration Information System (SIAK) aims to create a single identification system in the form of a Population Identification Number (NIK) which will become the sole identity of the population.
NIK is the main prerequisite for the national population database based on registration and becomes an instrument and validation of a person's identity that is included in each population document. The DPR-RI supports the government's move to issue a single identity number (SIN) which will become a single identity number for every population in Indonesia. With the existence of a national ID card based on NIK, there will not be a citizen who has more than one ID card with a different NIK.
This is due to the gradual authentication process, starting from the village to the center. In addition, strict sanctions will be given to residents who have more than one KTP.